Indication

BLINCYTO® is indicated for the treatment of relapsed or refractory CD19-positive B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in adults and children.

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Intervene earlier—for all that’s ahead

Study design: A large (N=405), international, randomized, controlled, phase 3 study of single-agent BLINCYTO® vs SOC chemotherapy in patients ≥ 18 years of age: refractory to primary induction therapy or to last therapy, in first relapse (first remission duration < 12 months), in second or later relapse, or in any relapse after HSCT. Primary endpoint was mOS: 7.7 months for BLINCYTO® (n=271) vs 4.0 months for SOC chemotherapy (n=134); P = 0.012; HR: 0.71 (95% Cl: 0.55–0.93).1 Selected secondary endpoints: CR within 12 weeks after initiation of treatment, CR/CRh*/CRi within 12 weeks after initiation of treatment, MRD remission rate, duration of remission, adverse event rates.2

BLINCYTO® is the only immunotherapy to deliver superior OS and deep, durable remission vs SOC chemotherapy in adult patients with Ph(–) R/R B-cell precursor ALL

BLINCYTO® nearly doubled median overall survival vs SOC chemotherapy1

Primary endpoint: overall survival (intent-to-treat population)1

A censored subject is indicated by a vertical bar.1

ALL, acute lymphoblastic leukemia; CI, confidence interval; CR, complete remission; DOR, duration of response; HR, hazard ratio; HSCT, allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; mOS, median overall survival; MRD, measurable or minimal residual disease; NCCN, National Comprehensive Cancer Network; OS, overall survival; Ph(–), Philadelphia chromosome-negative; QoL, quality of life; R/R, relapsed or refractory; SOC, standard-of-care.

Intervening with BLINCYTO® in first salvage more than doubled median OS vs SOC chemotherapy3,‡

OS in patients treated in first salvage3,‡

OS in patients treated in first salvage was a prespecified subgroup analysis in TOWER; however, the OS efficacy in this subgroup was not a study objective and the study was not powered to assess OS efficacy in this subgroup.4

§A censored subject is indicated by a vertical bar.3

NR, not reached.

BLINCYTO® demonstrated improved overall survival for patients not proceeding to HSCT2,**

Patients not proceeding to HSCT still achieved an OS benefit when treated with BLINCYTO®

**OS in patients censored for allogeneic transplant was a prespecified sensitivity subgroup analysis in TOWER; however, the OS efficacy in this subgroup was not a study objective, and the study was not powered to assess OS efficacy in this subgroup.4

Patients receiving BLINCYTO® achieved higher rates and longer duration of remission vs SOC chemotherapy2,††

CR/CRh*/
CRi rates of

44%

(n=119/271)

(95% CI: 37.9–50.0)

for patients treated with BLINCYTO® vs 25% (n=33/134)
(95% CI: 17.6–32.8) for patients treated with SOC chemotherapy2 (P < 0.001)

Median duration of response for patients who achieved CR/CRh*/CRi2

  • CR/CRh*/CRi rates achieved within 12 weeks after treatment initiation2
  • 53% (n=60/114) of patients in first salvage treated with BLINCYTO® achieved CR/CRh*/CRi2
    • CR/CRh*/CRi in patients treated in first salvage was a prespecified subgroup analysis in TOWER; however, the CR/CRh*/CRi in this subgroup was not a study objective and the study was not powered to assess efficacy in this subgroup

††CR was defined as ≤ 5% blasts in the BM, no evidence of disease, and full recovery of peripheral blood counts (platelets > 100,000/microliter and ANC > 1,000/microliter). CRh* was defined as ≤ 5% blasts in the BM, no evidence of disease, and partial recovery of peripheral blood counts (platelets > 50,000/microliter and ANC > 500/microliter). CRi was defined as ≤ 5% blasts in the BM, no evidence of disease, and incomplete recovery of peripheral blood counts (platelets > 100,000/microliter or ANC > 1,000/microliter).2

ANC, absolute neutrophil count; BM, bone marrow; CRh*, complete remission with partial hematologic recovery; CRi, complete remission with incomplete hematologic recovery.

BLINCYTO® helped patients achieve and maintain a durable remission through up to 9 cycles5

27 patients in the landmark phase 3 TOWER study proceeded to continued therapy with BLINCYTO® after induction and consolidation5

74%

(n=20/27)

of patients achieved a best response of complete remission during continued therapy

  • Patients who received BLINCYTO® and had bone marrow blasts ≤ 5% after induction (up to 2 cycles) and consolidation (up to 3 cycles) with BLINCYTO® were eligible to receive continued therapy for an additional 12 months (4 weeks on treatment, 8 weeks off)5
  • At the time of data collection for patients receiving continued therapy, 11 patients were continuing therapy with BLINCYTO®, while 16 had discontinued therapy due to: completion of maintenance therapy (n=3); intention to receive HSCT (n=4); intention to receive treatment other than HSCT (n=2); relapse (n=6); or an AE (n=1)5
  • During continued therapy of cycles 6–9, no new safety concerns were identified; treatment-emergent AEs included:5
    • 4 patients had a neurological event
    • 1 patient had CRS
  • Overall, safety event rates were lower in the continued therapy cycles vs the induction or consolidation cycles5

CRS, cytokine release syndrome.

Patients treated with BLINCYTO® had higher MRD negativity rates‡‡ than patients treated with SOC chemotherapy2

MRD negativity rates for patients who achieved CR/CRh*/CRi with BLINCYTO® vs SOC chemotherapy2

BLINCYTO®

76%

(n=90/119)

vs SOC chemotherapy (n=16/33): 48%

‡‡Molecular remission was assessed in patients achieving CR/CRh*/CRi, and was defined as MRD by PCR or flow cytometry with a minimum assay sensitivity2 of < 1 x 10-4.

PCR, polymerase chain reaction.

See the safety profile of the TOWER study

BLINCYTO® differences in HRQoL measures from baseline vs SOC chemotherapy6

Mean changes in HRQoL functional domains and symptoms at the end of Cycle 1 (Day 29)6

  • These data come from an analysis of a secondary descriptive endpoint from a phase 3 study. The endpoint measured the change from baseline of scores from a validated PRO instrument§§ during the first cycle of treatment7
  • The study was not powered to assess statistical differences in QoL measures between BLINCYTO® and SOC chemotherapy treatment groups7
  • Select AE rates for patients treated with BLINCYTO® were fatigue (12.7%), back pain (13.1%), nausea (19.1%), vomiting (12.4%), insomnia (10.5%), constipation (12.7%), and diarrhea (21.7%)8

Click here for the EORTC QoL Questionnaire from the TOWER Study9

See the safety data from the TOWER study

§§The PRO instrument—The European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30)—is a validated self-rating questionnaire used to assess patients’ perceptions of treatment effectiveness in oncology.7

AE, adverse event; HRQoL, health-related quality of life; PRO, patient-reported outcome.

TOWER study design and baseline characteristics of patients

  • TOWER landmark phase 3 study: BLINCYTO® single-agent immunotherapy was compared with SOC chemotherapy in a large, international, prospective, randomized, controlled, phase 3 trial of 405 patients with Ph(–) R/R B-cell precursor ALL1
2
 
 
1
 
BLINCYTO® single-agent immunotherapy (n=271)1
  • Continuous IV infusion for 1 to 2 induction cycles (4 weeks on, 2 weeks off)2
  • 9 mcg/day on days 1–7 of cycle 1 and 28 mcg/day on subsequent days2
 
SOC chemotherapy (investigator's choice of one of the regimens below) (n=134)1
  • FLAG ± anthracycline-based regimen
  • HiDAC-based regimen
  • High-dose methotrexate-based regimen
  • Clofarabine-based regimen
 
 
Consolidation, maintenance,*** and follow-up, depending on response to induction2
 
 
2
 
 
1
 
BLINCYTO® single-agent immunotherapy (n=271)1
  • Continuous IV infusion for 1 to 2 induction cycles (4 weeks on, 2 weeks off)2
  • 9 mcg/day on days 1–7 of cycle 1 and 28 mcg/day on subsequent days2
 
SOC
chemotherapy (investigator's choice of one of the regimens below) (n=134)1
  • FLAG ± anthracycline-based regimen
  • HiDAC-based regimen
  • High-dose methotrexate-based regimen
  • Clofarabine-based regimen
 
 
 
Consolidation, maintenance,*** and follow-up, depending on response to induction2
 
 

Prephase treatment:

  • All patients with > 50% bone marrow blasts received dexamethasone (10 mg/m2/day up to a maximum of 24 mg/day) prior to randomization to reduce the risk of CRS associated with high tumor burden:10
    • 14% (n=37/267) of patients treated with BLINCYTO® experienced CRS of any grade, and 3% (n=8/267) experienced ≥ Grade 31

Premedication:

  • Patients treated with BLINCYTO® were premedicated††† with 20 mg dexamethasone within 1 hour before infusion1,10

Primary endpoint:2

  • OS

Selected secondary endpoints:2

  • CR within 12 weeks after initiation of treatment
  • CR/CRh*/CRi within 12 weeks after initiation of treatment
  • MRD remission rate
  • Duration of remission
  • Adverse event rates
Key inclusion criteria 1,2
Patients ≥ 18 years of age
Ph(–) R/R B-cell precursor ALL occurring as refractory to primary induction therapy or to last therapy, or untreated first relapse (first remission duration < 12 months), or in second or later relapse, or in any relapse after HSCT
With > 5% blasts in the BM and ECOG PS ≤ 2
Key exclusion criteria 2
Other active cancers
Clinically relevant pathologic condition of the CNS
Isolated extramedullary disease
Autoimmune disease
Acute GvHD of Grade ≥ 2, active chronic GvHD
Allogeneic stem cell transplantation within 12 weeks before randomization
Autologous stem cell transplantation within 6 weeks before randomization
Chemotherapy or radiotherapy within 2 weeks before randomization
Use of immunotherapy within 4 weeks before randomization
Ongoing use of investigational treatment

BLINCYTO® was studied in a wide range of adult patients, including those with a poor prognosis2

Baseline characteristics of the study population1,2

BLINCYTO ®
(N=271)
SOC Chemotherapy (N=134)
Age
Mean ± SD, years 41 ± 17 41 ± 17
Range, years 18–80 18–78
Study entry criteria, n (%)
Refractory to primary or salvage therapy 115 (42) 54 (40)
In early first relapse (CR1 duration < 12 months) 76 (28) 37 (28)
In untreated second or later relapsea 32 (12) 16 (12)
Relapsed after HSCT a 46 (17) 27 (20)
Not specified 2 (1) 0
Prior salvage therapy, n (%) 171 (63) 70 (52)
Prior transplant, n (%)
Yes 94 (35) 46 (34)
No 176 (65) 87 (65)
Unknown 1 (0) 1 (1)
Disease burden, n (%)
≥ 50% BM blasts 201 (74) 104 (78)
3 out of 4
patients had high tumor burden2
  • Patients in late first relapse (≥ 12 months after initial remission) were excluded2
Choose BLINCYTO®, a BiTE® immunotherapy that provides a chemo-minimizing approach to treat R/R B-cell precursor ALL
The NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology (NCCN Guidelines®) recommend blinatumomab (BLINCYTO®) as a Category 1 therapy option for patients with Ph(–) R/R B-cell precursor ALL11

In a real-world evidence study, the observed efficacy of BLINCYTO® was reflective of clinical study data1,2,12,‡‡‡

A majority of patients in a study of real-world evidence were high-risk with unfavorable risk cytogenetic abnormalities12

  • These data are derived from a retrospective, multicenter study of 239 patients across 11 academic centers in the US, of which 190 selected patients were identified as starting with standard BLINCYTO® dosing and no concomitant treatments (eg, TKI, chemotherapy, rituximab, or any combination of these):12
    • Patients who did not receive BLINCYTO® for Ph(–) R/R B-cell ALL consistent with the FDA labeling were excluded in this subset analysis
    • Of the 190 patients included in this subset analysis, 159 had Ph(–) R/R B-cell ALL. The remaining 31 patients had Ph(+) R/R B-cell ALL and are excluded from this data presentation
  • Medical records were reviewed to collect demographic, patient-related, disease-related, and clinical outcome data12
  • Patients were evaluated for OS (from the time of BLINCYTO® initiation), CR, DOR, MRD response, cumulative incidence of HSCT, and adverse events:12
    • OS was estimated from the time of BLINCYTO® treatment initiation to death or lost to follow-up
    • CR was defined as ≤ 5% BM blasts, no evidence of disease in the BM, and recovery of peripheral blood count (platelet count > 100,000/µl and ANC > 1,000/µl)
    • DOR was estimated among patients achieving a CR/CRi after BLINCYTO® from time of CR/CRi to progression or death
    • MRD was assessed with the use of multicolor flow cytometry
    • The cumulative incidence of HSCT was estimated using the Nelson-Aalen estimate with death without HSCT as competing risk

Ph(+), Philadelphia chromosome–positive; TKI, tyrosine kinase inhibitor.

In the real-world evidence study, OS was observed in patients who received BLINCYTO®12,§§§,****

Median OS12

9.2 months

(n=158)

  • Median follow-up of 18 months12
  • Median OS was 9.1 months among patients with 50% BM blasts at initiation of BLINCYTO®12

In the real-world evidence study, responses were observed in patients who received BLINCYTO®12,††††,‡‡‡‡

CR/CRi
rates of

57%

(n=86/151)
for patients on
BLINCYTO®

Median DOR for patients who achieved CR/CRi12,§§§§

19.6 months

for patients treated with BLINCYTO®

(n=86)

Duration of response by tumor burden12

efficacy-duration-of-response-desktop efficacy-duration-of-response-mobile

In the real-world evidence study, the majority of patients in CR achieved MRD negativity with BLINCYTO®, and nearly half of all patients proceeded to HSCT12,††††

MRD response

78%

(n=65/83) for patients
in CR treated
with BLINCYTO®

Proceeded to HSCT12

45%

for all patients treated with BLINCYTO®

(n=71/159)

  • MRD was assessed using flow cytometry in this analysis vs flow cytometry and PCR in the TOWER study. Additionally, the timing of when MRD and CR was assessed was not specified. In the TOWER study, patients were assessed for these endpoints within 12 weeks of treatment initiation12
See the safety results of the TOWER landmark study and real-world evidence study

Baseline characteristics of patients in the real-world evidence study

Baseline characteristics (n=159)12

Age
Mean ± SD, years 45 ± 17
Range, years 8–79
Study entry criteria, n (%)
Refractory to primary therapy 41 (26.6)
< 18 months to first progression 76 (49.4)
Cytogenetic abnormalities, n (%)
No 62 (39.0)
Yes 97 (61.0)
≥ 3 previous therapies, n (%) 36 (22.8)
Prior transplant, n (%)
Yes 27 (17.0)
No 132 (83.0)
BM blasts at initiation of BLINCYTO®, n (%)
BM blasts ≥ 50%, n (%) 57 (45.2)
~ 45%
of patients had ≥ 50% bone marrow blasts
Real-world evidence provides additional data outside of a clinical trial that may support the choice of BLINCYTO® in adults with Ph(–) R/R B-cell precursor ALL12

IMPORTANT SAFETY INFORMATION

WARNING: CYTOKINE RELEASE SYNDROME and NEUROLOGICAL TOXICITIES

  • Cytokine Release Syndrome (CRS), which may be life-threatening or fatal, occurred in patients receiving BLINCYTO®. Interrupt or discontinue BLINCYTO® and treat with corticosteroids as recommended.
  • Neurological toxicities, which may be severe, life-threatening or fatal, occurred in patients receiving BLINCYTO®. Interrupt or discontinue BLINCYTO® as recommended.
Contraindications

BLINCYTO® is contraindicated in patients with a known hypersensitivity to blinatumomab or to any component of the product formulation.

Warnings and Precautions
  • Cytokine Release Syndrome (CRS): CRS, which may be life-threatening or fatal, occurred in 15% of patients with R/R ALL and in 7% of patients with MRD-positive ALL. The median time to onset of CRS is 2 days after the start of infusion and the median time to resolution of CRS was 5 days among cases that resolved. Closely monitor and advise patients to contact their healthcare professional for signs and symptoms of serious adverse events such as fever, headache, nausea, asthenia, hypotension, increased alanine aminotransferase (ALT), increased aspartate aminotransferase (AST), increased total bilirubin (TBILI), and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). The manifestations of CRS after treatment with BLINCYTO® overlap with those of infusion reactions, capillary leak syndrome, and hemophagocytic histiocytosis/macrophage activation syndrome. If severe CRS occurs, interrupt BLINCYTO® until CRS resolves. Discontinue BLINCYTO® permanently if life-threatening CRS occurs. Administer corticosteroids for severe or life-threatening CRS.
  • Neurological Toxicities: Approximately 65% of patients receiving BLINCYTO® in clinical trials experienced neurological toxicities. The median time to the first event was within the first 2 weeks of BLINCYTO® treatment and the majority of events resolved. The most common (≥ 10%) manifestations of neurological toxicity were headache and tremor. Severe, life‐threatening, or fatal neurological toxicities occurred in approximately 13% of patients, including encephalopathy, convulsions, speech disorders, disturbances in consciousness, confusion and disorientation, and coordination and balance disorders. Manifestations of neurological toxicity included cranial nerve disorders. Monitor patients for signs or symptoms and interrupt or discontinue BLINCYTO® as outlined in the PI.
  • Infections: Approximately 25% of patients receiving BLINCYTO® in clinical trials experienced serious infections such as sepsis, pneumonia, bacteremia, opportunistic infections, and catheter-site infections, some of which were life-threatening or fatal. Administer prophylactic antibiotics and employ surveillance testing as appropriate during treatment. Monitor patients for signs or symptoms of infection and treat appropriately, including interruption or discontinuation of BLINCYTO® as needed.
  • Tumor Lysis Syndrome (TLS), which may be life-threatening or fatal, has been observed. Preventive measures, including pretreatment nontoxic cytoreduction and on-treatment hydration, should be used during BLINCYTO® treatment. Monitor patients for signs and symptoms of TLS and interrupt or discontinue BLINCYTO® as needed to manage these events.
  • Neutropenia and Febrile Neutropenia, including life-threatening cases, have been observed. Monitor appropriate laboratory parameters (including, but not limited to, white blood cell count and absolute neutrophil count) during BLINCYTO® infusion and interrupt BLINCYTO® if prolonged neutropenia occurs.
  • Effects on Ability to Drive and Use Machines: Due to the possibility of neurological events, including seizures, patients receiving BLINCYTO® are at risk for loss of consciousness, and should be advised against driving and engaging in hazardous occupations or activities such as operating heavy or potentially dangerous machinery while BLINCYTO® is being administered.
  • Elevated Liver Enzymes: Transient elevations in liver enzymes have been associated with BLINCYTO® treatment with a median time to onset of 3 days. In patients receiving BLINCYTO®, although the majority of these events were observed in the setting of CRS, some cases of elevated liver enzymes were observed outside the setting of CRS, with a median time to onset of 19 days. Grade 3 or greater elevations in liver enzymes occurred in approximately 7% of patients outside the setting of CRS and resulted in treatment discontinuation in less than 1% of patients. Monitor ALT, AST, gamma-glutamyl transferase, and TBILI prior to the start of and during BLINCYTO® treatment. BLINCYTO® treatment should be interrupted if transaminases rise to > 5 times the upper limit of normal (ULN) or if TBILI rises to > 3 times ULN.
  • Pancreatitis: Fatal pancreatitis has been reported in patients receiving BLINCYTO® in combination with dexamethasone in clinical trials and the post-marketing setting. Evaluate patients who develop signs and symptoms of pancreatitis and interrupt or discontinue BLINCYTO® and dexamethasone as needed.
  • Leukoencephalopathy: Although the clinical significance is unknown, cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) changes showing leukoencephalopathy have been observed in patients receiving BLINCYTO®, especially in patients previously treated with cranial irradiation and antileukemic chemotherapy.
  • Preparation and administration errors have occurred with BLINCYTO® treatment. Follow instructions for preparation (including admixing) and administration in the PI strictly to minimize medication errors (including underdose and overdose).
  • Immunization: Vaccination with live virus vaccines is not recommended for at least 2 weeks prior to the start of BLINCYTO® treatment, during treatment, and until immune recovery following last cycle of BLINCYTO®.
  • Risk of Serious Adverse Reactions in Pediatric Patients due to Benzyl Alcohol Preservative: Serious and fatal adverse reactions including “gasping syndrome,” which is characterized by central nervous system depression, metabolic acidosis, and gasping respirations, can occur in neonates and infants treated with benzyl alcohol-preserved drugs including BLINCYTO® (with preservative). When prescribing BLINCYTO® (with preservative) for pediatric patients, consider the combined daily metabolic load of benzyl alcohol from all sources including BLINCYTO® (with preservative) and other drugs containing benzyl alcohol. The minimum amount of benzyl alcohol at which serious adverse reactions may occur is not known. Due to the addition of bacteriostatic saline, 7-day bags of BLINCYTO® solution for infusion with preservative contain benzyl alcohol and are not recommended for use in any patients weighing < 22 kg.
Adverse Reactions
  • The most common adverse reactions ( 20%) in clinical trial experience of patients with Philadelphia chromosome-negative relapsed or refractory B-cell precursor ALL (TOWER Study) treated with BLINCYTO® were infections (bacterial and pathogen unspecified), pyrexia, headache, infusion-related reactions, anemia, febrile neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and neutropenia. Serious adverse reactions were reported in 62% of patients. The most common serious adverse reactions (≥ 2%) included febrile neutropenia, pyrexia, sepsis, pneumonia, overdose, septic shock, CRS, bacterial sepsis, device related infection, and bacteremia.
  • Adverse reactions that were observed more frequently (≥ 10%) in the pediatric population compared to the adults with relapsed or refractory B-cell precursor ALL were pyrexia (80% vs. 61%), hypertension (26% vs. 8%), anemia (41% vs. 24%), infusion-related reaction (49% vs. 34%), thrombocytopenia (34% vs. 21%), leukopenia (24% vs. 11%), and weight increased (17% vs. 6%).
  • In pediatric patients less than 2 years old (infants), the incidence of neurologic toxicities was not significantly different than for the other age groups, but its manifestations were different; the only event terms reported were agitation, headache, insomnia, somnolence, and irritability. Infants also had an increased incidence of hypokalemia (50%) compared to other pediatric age cohorts (15-20%) or adults (17%).
Dosage and Administration Guidelines
  • BLINCYTO® is administered as a continuous intravenous infusion at a constant flow rate using an infusion pump which should be programmable, lockable, non-elastomeric, and have an alarm.
  • It is very important that the instructions for preparation (including admixing) and administration provided in the full Prescribing Information are strictly followed to minimize medication errors (including underdose and overdose).
INDICATION
  • BLINCYTO® is indicated for the treatment of relapsed or refractory CD19-positive B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in adults and children.

Please see full Prescribing Information, including Boxed WARNINGS and Medication Guide, for BLINCYTO®.

BLINCYTO® is a registered trademark of Amgen Inc.

IMPORTANT SAFETY INFORMATION

WARNING: CYTOKINE RELEASE SYNDROME and NEUROLOGICAL TOXICITIES

  • Cytokine Release Syndrome (CRS), which may be life-threatening or fatal, occurred in patients receiving BLINCYTO®. Interrupt or discontinue BLINCYTO® and treat with corticosteroids as recommended.
  • Neurological toxicities, which may be severe, life-threatening or fatal, occurred in patients receiving BLINCYTO®. Interrupt or discontinue BLINCYTO® as recommended.

References: 1. BLINCYTO® (blinatumomab) prescribing information, Amgen. 2. Kantarjian H, Stein A, Gökbuget N, et al. Blinatumomab versus chemotherapy for advanced acute lymphoblastic leukemia. N Engl J Med. 2017;376:836-847. 3. Dombret H, Topp MS, Schuh A, et al. Blinatumomab versus chemotherapy in first salvage or in later salvage for B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma. 2019;60:2214-2222. 4. Data on file, Amgen; [1], 2014. 5. Rambaldi A, Huguet F, Zak P, et al. Maintenance therapy with blinatumomab in adults with relapsed/refractory B-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia: overall survival in adults enrolled in a phase 3 open-label trial. Presented at: 59th ASH Annual Meeting and Exposition; December 9–12, 2017; Atlanta, GA. Abstract 2552 6. Topp MS, Zimmerman Z, Cannell P, et al. Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of blinatumomab versus standard of care (SOC) chemotherapy in patients with relapsed or refractory Philadelphia negative B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia in a randomized, open-label phase 3 study (TOWER). Blood. 2016;128:222. 7. Data on file, Amgen; 2017. 8. Data on file, Amgen; 2016. 9. European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer. EORTC QLQ-C30 (version 3). https://www.eortc.org/app/uploads/sites/2/2018/08/Specimen-QLQ-C30-English.pdf. Accessed July 5, 2022. 10. Kantarjian H, Stein A, Gökbuget N, et al. Blinatumomab versus chemotherapy for advanced acute lymphoblastic leukemia. N Engl J Med. 2017;376(suppl):836-847. 11. Referenced with permission from the NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology (NCCN Guidelines®) for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia V.1.2022. ©National Comprehensive Cancer Network, Inc. 2022. All rights reserved. Accessed April 4, 2022. To view the most recent and complete version of the guideline, go online to NCCN.org. NCCN makes no warranties of any kind whatsoever regarding their content, use or application and disclaims any responsibility for their application or use in any way. 12. Data on file, Amgen; 2021.

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